Started work on introduction

Chapter1/chapter1.tex

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 \fi
 
 
-%********************************** %First Section  **************************************
+The field of ultracold gases has been a rapidly growing field ever
+since the first Bose-Einstein condensate was obtained in 1995. This
+new quantum state of matter is characterised by a macroscopic
+occupancy of the single particle ground state at which point the whole
+system behaves like a single quantum object. This was revolutionary as
+it enabled the study of coherent properties of macroscopic systems
+rather than single atoms or photons. Furthermore, the advanced state
+of laser cooling and manipulation technologies meant that the degree
+of control and isolation from the environment was far greater than was
+possible in condensed matter systems. Initially, the main focus of the
+research was on the properties of coherent matter waves, such as
+interference properties, long range phase coherence, or quantised
+vortices. Fermi degeneracy in ultracold gases was obtained shortly
+afterwards opening a similar field for fermions.
 
+In 1998 it was shown that a degenerate ultracold gas trapped in an
+optical lattice is a near-perfect realisation of the Bose-Hubbard
+model and in 2002 it was already demonstrated in a ground-breaking
+experiment. The Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian was already known in the
+field of condensed matter where it was considered a simple toy
+model. Despite its simplicity the model exhibits a variety of
+different interesting phenomena such as the quantum phase transition
+from a delocalised superfluid state to a Mott insulator as the on-site
+interaction is increased above a critical point. In contrast to a
+thermodynamic phase transition, a quantum phase transition is driven
+by quantum fluctuations and can occur at zero temperature. The ability 
+
+
+
+
+The modern field of ultracold gases is successful due to its
+interdisciplinarity [1, 2]. Originally condensed matter effects are
+now mimicked in controlled atomic systems finding applications in
+areas such as quantum information processing (QIP). A really new
+challenge is to identify novel phenomena which were unreasonable to
+consider in condensed matter, but will become feasible in new systems.
+One such direction is merging quantum optics and many-body physics [3,
+  4]. The former describes delicate effects such as quantum
+measurement and state engineering, but for systems without strong
+many-body correlations (e.g. atomic ensembles).  In the latter,
+decoherence destroys these effects in conventional condensed
+matter. Due to recent experimental progress, e.g. Bose-Einstein
+condensates (BEC) in cavities [5–7], quantum optics of quantum gases
+can close this gap.

thesis.tex

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 % ******************************* PhD Thesis Template **************************
 % Please have a look at the README.md file for info on how to use the template
 
-\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,times,numbered,print]{Classes/PhDThesisPSnPDF}
+\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,times,numbered,print,chapter]{Classes/PhDThesisPSnPDF}
 
 % ******************************************************************************
 % ******************************* Class Options ********************************