From 1d014f32252bd9c7f4f0c21624bf590aae477e79 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Wojciech Kozlowski Date: Sun, 14 Aug 2016 22:13:57 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Started work on introduction --- Chapter1/chapter1.tex | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- thesis.tex | 2 +- 2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/Chapter1/chapter1.tex b/Chapter1/chapter1.tex index 4a951e2..dfff3ac 100644 --- a/Chapter1/chapter1.tex +++ b/Chapter1/chapter1.tex @@ -11,5 +11,47 @@ \fi -%********************************** %First Section ************************************** +The field of ultracold gases has been a rapidly growing field ever +since the first Bose-Einstein condensate was obtained in 1995. This +new quantum state of matter is characterised by a macroscopic +occupancy of the single particle ground state at which point the whole +system behaves like a single quantum object. This was revolutionary as +it enabled the study of coherent properties of macroscopic systems +rather than single atoms or photons. Furthermore, the advanced state +of laser cooling and manipulation technologies meant that the degree +of control and isolation from the environment was far greater than was +possible in condensed matter systems. Initially, the main focus of the +research was on the properties of coherent matter waves, such as +interference properties, long range phase coherence, or quantised +vortices. Fermi degeneracy in ultracold gases was obtained shortly +afterwards opening a similar field for fermions. +In 1998 it was shown that a degenerate ultracold gas trapped in an +optical lattice is a near-perfect realisation of the Bose-Hubbard +model and in 2002 it was already demonstrated in a ground-breaking +experiment. The Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian was already known in the +field of condensed matter where it was considered a simple toy +model. Despite its simplicity the model exhibits a variety of +different interesting phenomena such as the quantum phase transition +from a delocalised superfluid state to a Mott insulator as the on-site +interaction is increased above a critical point. In contrast to a +thermodynamic phase transition, a quantum phase transition is driven +by quantum fluctuations and can occur at zero temperature. The ability + + + + +The modern field of ultracold gases is successful due to its +interdisciplinarity [1, 2]. Originally condensed matter effects are +now mimicked in controlled atomic systems finding applications in +areas such as quantum information processing (QIP). A really new +challenge is to identify novel phenomena which were unreasonable to +consider in condensed matter, but will become feasible in new systems. +One such direction is merging quantum optics and many-body physics [3, + 4]. The former describes delicate effects such as quantum +measurement and state engineering, but for systems without strong +many-body correlations (e.g. atomic ensembles). In the latter, +decoherence destroys these effects in conventional condensed +matter. Due to recent experimental progress, e.g. Bose-Einstein +condensates (BEC) in cavities [5–7], quantum optics of quantum gases +can close this gap. diff --git a/thesis.tex b/thesis.tex index 378d0cd..2af9067 100644 --- a/thesis.tex +++ b/thesis.tex @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ % ******************************* PhD Thesis Template ************************** % Please have a look at the README.md file for info on how to use the template -\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,times,numbered,print]{Classes/PhDThesisPSnPDF} +\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,times,numbered,print,chapter]{Classes/PhDThesisPSnPDF} % ****************************************************************************** % ******************************* Class Options ********************************