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README.md
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README.md
@ -42,6 +42,14 @@ Virtual Machine (VM) image developed specifically for this project.
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TODO: INSTRUCTIONS FOR VM IMAGE
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Note that the VM does not come with the `route-0` repository. This is because
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the repository will be updated much more frequently than the VM image. You
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will still need to clone `route-0` into an appropriate directory on the VM. To
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do so run
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```
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git clone https://github.com/Wojtek242/route-0.git
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```
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If you would prefer to set up your own environment, you can follow these
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[instructions](platform.md). They describe the steps needed to produce the
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exact same VM image available above.
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@ -53,20 +61,132 @@ other Unix-like systems, but that is undocumented.
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### Running an experiment
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If you just want to get started, choose a topology from the `topology`
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directory, and a `scenario` from that topology directory. Note that all
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topologies support `plain` and `basic` in addition the explicit defined
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scenarios. The meaning of these special scenarios is explained later on in
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this `README` in the section on scenarios.
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Once you have chosen `<topology_name>` and `<scenario_name>` you can run an
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experiment with the following command.
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```
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sudo python route-0.py --topology <topology_name> --scenario <scenario_name>
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```
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### Lessons
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TODO: WRITE UP LESSONS
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## Mininet Concepts
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This section will introduce some basic Mininet concepts that are in particular
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useful for Route 0. For more information, please refer to the [Mininet
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documentation](https://github.com/mininet/mininet/wiki/Documentation).
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Mininet is a framework for creating virtual networks running real kernel,
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switch, and application code. In Route 0 it is used to provide the
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virtualisation necessary to run multiple routing nodes on a single
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computer. Mininet handles the topology setup before dropping the user in its
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own special CLI.
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The CLI is self-documented and help can be accessed by running `help`. To
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investigate the current topology, you can run `net`. To visualise the output
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of this command, you can copy and paste it into this [web
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tool](https://achille.github.io/mininet-dump-visualizer/).
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A particularly useful feature of the CLI is the ability to run shell commands
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on any of the nodes in the network. To do this, simply run
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```
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<node_name> <shell_command>
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```
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such as `R1 ifconfig`. This is particularly useful in Route 0 for commands
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like `ifconfig` or `ip route`. Additionally, it is possible to use this
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feature to send ping between nodes, for example, `R1 ping 10.0.0.1`. Normally,
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in Mininet the destination can also be specified using its name. It is
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possible to do so in Route 0, but this is often ambiguous as routers will have
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multiple IP addresses associated with their interfaces.
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## FRR Concepts
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This section will introduce some basic FRR concepts that are in particular
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useful to understand for Route 0. For more information, please refer to the
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[FRR documentation](http://docs.frrouting.org/en/latest/).
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FRR is a set of routing protocols with each run in its own daemon. In
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addition, there is a central IP routing manager, `zebra`, which must be run
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before any other routing daemon is started. All other routing protocols talk
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to `zebra` which in turn will talk to the operating system kernel to install
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routes as appropriate.
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FRR routing protocols are configured using configuration files. The details of
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how to write these configurations are on the [FRR documentation
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website](http://docs.frrouting.org/en/latest/). It is also possible to connect
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to running instances of the protocols. However, this is not currently
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supported in Route 0.
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TODO: ADD SUPPORT TO CONNECT TO ROUTING PROTOCOL SHELL
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## Structure
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### Topologies
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There are three key concepts in the Route 0 framework: topology, scenario, and
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experiment.
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### Scenarios
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### Topology
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A topology defines the nodes and links that form the network. Additionally it
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also determines the default IP address assignments and any static routes which
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are initialised using the `zebra` and `staticd` daemons.
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Each topology has its own directory in the `topology` directory. Every
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topology directory must contain a `topo.py` file which defines a `NetTopo`
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class. The topology itself is defined in the constructor of this class using
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the [Mininet API](http://mininet.org/api/classmininet_1_1topo_1_1Topo.html).
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A `README.md` should be provided with each topology that has a schematic
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diagram of the topology and lists all the default IP address assignments. It
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is assumed that hosts have a default route setup to the router they connect to
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and that routers do not have default routes.
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### Scenario
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A scenario is a particular configuration of FRR daemons on the provided
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topology. While the topology defines which nodes and links form the network,
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the scenario determines which daemons get started on which nodes and their
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configuration.
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There are two special scenarios: `plain` and `basic`. The `plain` scenario
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starts the network without any daemons so only the Mininet topology is set up,
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but no IP addresses or default routes are created. The `basic` scenario
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additionally starts up `zebra` and `staticd` to configure addresses and default
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routes.
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Scenarios are defined for a particular topology and thus they can be found in
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the `scenario` directory within the topology directories. There is no python
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code associated with a scenario, only FRR configuration files. Each scenario
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(excluding the special ones) should have a directory in the `scenario`
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directory. Within the particular scenario directory, each daemon that is to be
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run must have a its own directory. The configuration files should be created
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in the appropriate daemon directory with the name `<node_name>.conf`.
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The `zebra` and `staticd` daemons are special and have their own directories
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directly in the topology directory. If a scenario has its own `zebra` and/or
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`staticd` directory, these will be used preferentially, but otherwise the
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topology's ones will be used. Note that if no `zebra` and/or `staticd` daemon
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is to be run then the scenario must have empty `zebra` and/or `staticd`
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directories within its scenario directory.
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### Experiment
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An experiment is simply a particular topology and scenario combination.
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Technically this is redundant since scenarios are strictly associated with only
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one topology, but using different terminology avoids confusion.
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## Contributing
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There are many ways to contribute to Route 0. If you are an expert in
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networking, you can look for and correct errors, improve the existing lessons,
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or add new lessons. Another way to contribute is to simply add new scenarios
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or topologies that you feel would be interesting for others.
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add new lessons, or add IPv6 support. Another way to contribute is to simply
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add new scenarios or topologies that you feel would be interesting for others.
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### Adding a new topology
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